Second Edition (June 2001)
Part Number 225081-002
Compaq Computer Corporation
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Notice
2001 Compaq Computer Corporation
Compaq, the Compaq logo, Compaq Insight Manager, SmartStart, ROMPaq, ProLiant, and
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Compaq Information Technologies Group, L.P. in the United States and other countries.
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Compaq shall not be liable for technical or editorial errors or omissions contained herein. The
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additional warranty.
Parallel Database Cluster Model PDC/O5000 for Oracle8i and Windows 2000
Second Edition (June 2001)
Part Number 225081-002
Compaq Confidential Need to Know Required
Writer: John Blackburn Project: Parallel Database Cluster Model PDC/O5000 for Oracle8i and Windows 2000 Comments:
Part Number: 225081-002 File Name: a-frnt.doc Last Saved On: 6/18/01 11:11 AM
Contents
About This Guide
Purpose .................................................................................................................... xiii
Audience .................................................................................................................. xiii
Scope ........................................................................................................................ xiv
Referenced Manuals .................................................................................................. xv
Supplemental Documents ......................................................................................... xvi
Text Conventions......................................................................................................xvi
Symbols in Text.......................................................................................................xvii
Symbols on Equipment............................................................................................xvii
Rack Stability ........................................................................................................ xviii
Getting Help .......................................................................................................... xviii
Compaq Technical Support ............................................................................... xix
Compaq Website................................................................................................xix
Compaq Authorized Reseller..............................................................................xx
Chapter 1
Clustering Overview
Clusters Defined ...................................................................................................... 1-2
Availability .............................................................................................................. 1-4
Scalability ................................................................................................................ 1-4
Compaq Parallel Database Cluster Overview.......................................................... 1-5
Chapter 2
Cluster Architecture
Compaq ProLiant Servers........................................................................................ 2-2
High-Availability Features of ProLiant Servers ............................................... 2-3
Shared Storage Components.................................................................................... 2-3
MA8000/EMA12000 Storage Subsystem ........................................................ 2-4
HSG80 Array Controller .................................................................................. 2-4
Fibre Channel SAN Switch .............................................................................. 2-5
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iv Compaq Parallel Database Cluster Model PDC/O5000 for Oracle8i and Windows 2000 Administrator Guide
Storage Hub ...................................................................................................... 2-6
KGPSA-BC and KGPSA-CB Host Adapter ..................................................... 2-6
Gigabit Interface Converter-Shortwave ............................................................ 2-7
Fibre Channel Cables........................................................................................ 2-7
Configuring and Cabling the MA8000/EMA12000 Storage Subsystem
Components ............................................................................................................. 2-7
Configuring LUNS for Storagesets................................................................... 2-7
SCSI Cabling Examples.................................................................................... 2-8
UltraSCSI Cables.............................................................................................. 2-9
Using I/O Modules in the Controller Enclosure ............................................... 2-9
Connecting EMUs Between MA8000/EMA12000 Storage Subsystems........ 2-12
I/O Path Configurations for Redundant Fibre Channel Fabrics ............................. 2-13
Overview of Fibre Channel Fabric SAN Topology ........................................ 2-13
Redundant Fibre Channel Fabrics................................................................... 2-13
Multiple Redundant Fibre Channel Fabrics .................................................... 2-15
Maximum Distances Between Nodes and Shared Storage Subsystem
Components .................................................................................................... 2-16
I/O Data Paths in a Redundant Fibre Channel Fabric ..................................... 2-17
I/O Path Definitions for Redundant Fibre Channel Fabrics ............................ 2-20
I/O Path Configuration Examples for Redundant Fibre Channel Fabrics....... 2-21
Summary of I/O Path Failure and Failover Scenarios for Redundant Fibre
Channel Fabrics .............................................................................................. 2-25
I/O Path Configurations for Redundant Fibre Channel Arbitrated Loops.............. 2-26
Overview of FC-AL SAN Topology............................................................... 2-26
Redundant Fibre Channel Arbitrated Loops ................................................... 2-26
Multiple Redundant Fibre Channel Arbitrated Loops..................................... 2-28
Maximum Distances Between Nodes and Shared Storage Subsystem
Components .................................................................................................... 2-30
I/O Data Paths in a Redundant FC-AL ........................................................... 2-32
I/O Path Definitions for Redundant FC-ALs .................................................. 2-34
I/O Path Configuration Examples for Redundant FC-ALs ............................. 2-35
Summary of I/O Path Failure and Failover Scenarios for Redundant
FC-ALs ........................................................................................................... 2-38
Cluster Interconnect Requirements ........................................................................ 2-39
Ethernet Cluster Interconnect.......................................................................... 2-39
Local Area Network........................................................................................ 2-42
Chapter 3
Cluster Software Components
Overview of the Cluster Software............................................................................ 3-1
Microsoft Windows 2000 Advanced Server ............................................................ 3-2
Compaq Software..................................................................................................... 3-2
Compaq SmartStart and Support Software ....................................................... 3-2
Compaq System Configuration Utility ............................................................. 3-3
Compaq Insight Manager.................................................................................. 3-3
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Contents v
Compaq Insight Manager XE ........................................................................... 3-3
Compaq Options ROMPaq ............................................................................... 3-4
Compaq StorageWorks Command Console ..................................................... 3-4
Compaq StorageWorks Secure Path for Windows 2000 .................................. 3-4
Compaq Operating System Dependent Modules.............................................. 3-5
Oracle Software ....................................................................................................... 3-5
Oracle8i Server Enterprise Edition ................................................................... 3-6
Oracle8i Server ................................................................................................. 3-6
Oracle8i Parallel Server Option........................................................................ 3-6
Oracle8i Enterprise Manager............................................................................ 3-7
Oracle8i Certification ....................................................................................... 3-7
Application Failover and Reconnection Software ................................................... 3-7
Chapter 4
Cluster Planning
Site Planning............................................................................................................ 4-2
Capacity Planning for Cluster Hardware ................................................................. 4-2
Compaq ProLiant Servers................................................................................. 4-2
Planning Shared Storage Components for Redundant Fibre Channel
Fabrics .............................................................................................................. 4-3
Planning Shared Storage Components for Redundant Fibre Channel
Arbitrated Loops............................................................................................... 4-4
Planning Cluster Interconnect and Client LAN Components ........................... 4-6
Planning Cluster Configurations for Redundant Fibre Channel Fabrics.................. 4-7
Planning Dual Redundancy Configurations ..................................................... 4-7
Planning Quad Redundancy Configurations..................................................... 4-9
Planning Cluster Configurations for Redundant Fibre Channel Arbitrated
Loops ..................................................................................................................... 4-11
Planning Dual Redundancy Configurations ................................................... 4-11
Planning Quad Redundancy Configurations................................................... 4-13
RAID Planning for the MA8000/EMA12000 Storage Subsystem ........................ 4-15
Supported RAID Levels ................................................................................. 4-16
Raw Data Storage and Database Size ............................................................. 4-17
Selecting the Appropriate RAID Level .......................................................... 4-18
Planning the Grouping of Physical Disk Storage Space ........................................ 4-19
Disk Drive Planning .............................................................................................. 4-20
Nonshared Disk Drives................................................................................... 4-20
Shared Disk Drives......................................................................................... 4-20
Network Planning .................................................................................................. 4-21
Windows 2000 Advanced Server Host Files for an Ethernet Cluster
Interconnect .................................................................................................... 4-21
Client LAN ..................................................................................................... 4-22
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vi Compaq Parallel Database Cluster Model PDC/O5000 for Oracle8i and Windows 2000 Administrator Guide
Chapter 5
Installation and Configuration
Reference Materials for Installation......................................................................... 5-1
Installation Overview............................................................................................... 5-2
Installing the Hardware............................................................................................ 5-3
Setting Up the Nodes ........................................................................................ 5-3
Installing the KGPSA-BC and KGPSA-CB Host Adapters.............................. 5-4
Installing GBIC-SW Modules for the Host Adapters ....................................... 5-4
Cabling the Host Adapters to Fibre Channel SAN Switches or Storage
Hubs .................................................................................................................. 5-5
Installing the Cluster Interconnect Adapters..................................................... 5-6
Installing the Client LAN Adapters .................................................................. 5-6
Installing GBIC-SW Modules for the Array Controllers .................................. 5-6
Installing Hardware Into an MA8000/EMA12000 Storage Subsystem .......... 5-10
Cabling the Controller Enclosure to Disk Enclosures..................................... 5-11
Cabling EMUs to Each Other ......................................................................... 5-13
Cabling Array Controllers to Fibre Channel SAN Switches........................... 5-14
Cabling Array Controllers to Storage Hubs .................................................... 5-15
Installing Operating System Software.................................................................... 5-16
Guidelines for Clusters ................................................................................... 5-17
Automated Installation Using SmartStart ....................................................... 5-17
Setting up and Configuring an MA8000/EMA12000 Storage Subsystem............. 5-21
Designating a Server as a Maintenance Terminal........................................... 5-21
Powering On the MA8000/EMA12000 Storage Subsystem........................... 5-21
Installing the StorageWorks Command Console (SWCC) Client................... 5-22
Configuring a Storage Subsystem for Secure Path Operation ........................ 5-22
Verifying Array Controller Properties ............................................................ 5-27
Configuring a Storageset................................................................................. 5-29
Installing Secure Path Software for Windows 2000 .............................................. 5-32
Overview of Secure Path Software Installation .............................................. 5-32
Description of the Secure Path Software ........................................................ 5-33
Installing the Host Adapter Drivers ................................................................ 5-33
Installing the Fibre Channel Software Setup (FCSS) Utility .......................... 5-34
Installing the Secure Path Drivers, Secure Path Agent, and Secure Path
Manager .......................................................................................................... 5-35
Specifying the Preferred_Path for Storage Units ............................................ 5-36
Powering Up All Other Fibre Channel SAN Switches or Storage Hubs ........ 5-38
Creating Partitions .......................................................................................... 5-38
Installing Compaq OSDs ....................................................................................... 5-39
Verifying Cluster Communications ................................................................ 5-40
Mounting Remote Drives and Verifying Administrator Privileges ................ 5-41
Installing the Ethernet OSDs .......................................................................... 5-42
Installing Oracle Software ..................................................................................... 5-52
Configuring Oracle8i Software .............................................................................. 5-53
Installing Object Link Manager ............................................................................. 5-53
Additional Notes on Configuring Oracle Software......................................... 5-54
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Contents vii
Verifying the Hardware and Software Installation ................................................ 5-55
Cluster Communications ................................................................................ 5-55
Access to Shared Storage from All Nodes...................................................... 5-55
OSDs .............................................................................................................. 5-55
Other Verification Tasks ................................................................................ 5-56
Power Distribution and Power Sequencing Guidelines ......................................... 5-56
Overview ........................................................................................................ 5-56
Server Power Distribution .............................................................................. 5-57
Storage Subsystem Power Distribution .......................................................... 5-57
Power Sequencing .......................................................................................... 5-58
Chapter 6
Cluster Management
Cluster Management Concepts ................................................................................ 6-2
Powering Off a Node Without Interrupting Cluster Services ........................... 6-2
Managing a Cluster in a Degraded Condition................................................... 6-2
Managing Network Clients Connected to a Cluster ......................................... 6-3
Cluster Events................................................................................................... 6-3
Management Applications ....................................................................................... 6-4
Monitoring Server and Network Hardware ...................................................... 6-4
Monitoring Storage Subsystem Hardware........................................................ 6-5
Managing Shared Storage................................................................................. 6-5
Monitoring the Database .................................................................................. 6-7
Remotely Managing a Cluster .......................................................................... 6-7
Software Maintenance ............................................................................................. 6-8
Deinstalling the OSDs ...................................................................................... 6-8
Upgrading Oracle8i Server ............................................................................. 6-11
Upgrading the OSDs....................................................................................... 6-11
Deinstalling a Partial OSD Installation........................................................... 6-13
Managing Changes to Shared Storage Components .............................................. 6-14
Adding New Storagesets to Increase Shared Storage Capacity ...................... 6-14
Replacing a Failed Drive in a Storage Subsystem .......................................... 6-15
Replacing a Host Adapter............................................................................... 6-16
Adding a Shared Storage Subsystem .............................................................. 6-19
Replacing a Cluster Node ...................................................................................... 6-19
Removing the Node ........................................................................................ 6-20
Adding the Replacement Node....................................................................... 6-20
Adding a Cluster Node .......................................................................................... 6-24
Preparing the New Node................................................................................. 6-25
Preparing the Existing Cluster Nodes............................................................. 6-27
Installing the Cluster Software ....................................................................... 6-27
Monitoring Cluster Performance ........................................................................... 6-29
Tools Overview .............................................................................................. 6-29
Using Secure Path Manager............................................................................ 6-30
Uninstalling Secure Path ................................................................................ 6-33
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viii Compaq Parallel Database Cluster Model PDC/O5000 for Oracle8i and Windows 2000 Administrator Guide
Chapter 7
Troubleshooting
Basic Troubleshooting Tips ..................................................................................... 7-2
Power ................................................................................................................ 7-2
Physical Connections ........................................................................................ 7-2
Access to Cluster Components ......................................................................... 7-3
Software Revisions ........................................................................................... 7-3
Firmware Revisions .......................................................................................... 7-4
Troubleshooting Oracle8i and OSD Installation Problems and Error Messages ..... 7-5
Potential Difficulties Installing the OSDs with the Oracle Universal
Installer ............................................................................................................. 7-5
Unable to Start OracleCMService..................................................................... 7-6
Unable to Start OracleNMService .................................................................... 7-6
Unable to Start the Database............................................................................. 7-7
Initialization of the Dynamic Link Library NM.DLL Failed............................ 7-7
Troubleshooting Node-to-Node Connectivity Problems.......................................... 7-7
Nodes Are Unable to Communicate with Each Other ...................................... 7-7
Unable to Ping the Cluster Interconnect or the Client LAN ............................. 7-8
Troubleshooting Client-to-Cluster Connectivity Problems...................................... 7-9
A Network Client Cannot Communicate With the Cluster............................... 7-9
Troubleshooting Shared Storage Subsystem Problems.......................................... 7-10
Verifying Host Adapter Device Driver Installation ........................................ 7-10
Verifying KGPSA-BC Device Driver Initialization ....................................... 7-10
Verifying Connectivity to a Redundant Fibre Channel Fabric........................ 7-12
Verifying Connectivity to a Redundant Fibre Channel Arbitrated Loop ........ 7-13
A Cluster Node Cannot Connect to the Shared Drives ................................... 7-15
Disk Management Shows Storagesets With the Same Label (Dual Image).... 7-15
Device or Devices Were Not Found by KGPSA-BC Device Driver .............. 7-15
Devices on One I/O Connection Path Cannot Be Seen by the Cluster
Nodes .............................................................................................................. 7-16
Troubleshooting Secure Path ................................................................................. 7-18
Secure Path Guidelines for Windows 2000 Advanced Server ........................ 7-18
Secure Path Manager Shows Reversed Locations for Top and Bottom
Array Controllers ............................................................................................ 7-20
Secure Path Manager Cannot Start With Hosts That Use Hyphenated Host
Names ............................................................................................................. 7-20
Secure Path Manager Is Delayed In Reporting Path Failure Information....... 7-20
The Addition of New LUNs Causes an Error ................................................. 7-21
A Configuration of More Than 64 LUNs Prevents the Secure Path Agent
From Starting .................................................................................................. 7-21
Appendix A
Diagnosing and Resolving Shared Disk Problems
Introduction ............................................................................................................. A-1
Run Object Link Manager on All Nodes ................................................................ A-3
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Contents ix
Restart All Affected Nodes in the Cluster ...............................................................A-4
Rerun and Validate Object Link Manager On All Affected Nodes .........................A-4
Run and Validate Secure Path Manager On All Nodes ...........................................A-5
Run Disk Management On All Nodes .....................................................................A-5
Run and Validate the StorageWorks Command Console From All Storage
Subsystems ..............................................................................................................A-6
Perform Cluster Software and Firmware Checks ....................................................A-6
Perform Cluster Hardware Checks ..........................................................................A-7
Contact Your Compaq Support Representative .......................................................A-8
Glossary
Index
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x Compaq Parallel Database Cluster Model PDC/O5000 for Oracle8i and Windows 2000 Administrator Guide
List of Figures
Figure 1-1. Example of a two-node PDC/O5000 cluster ........................................ 1-3
Figure 2-1. SCSI bus numbers for I/O modules in the controller enclosure ......... 2-10
Figure 2-2. UltraSCSI cabling between a controller enclosure and three
disk enclosures ................................................................................................. 2-11
Figure 2-3. UltraSCSI cabling between a controller enclosure and six disk
enclosures ......................................................................................................... 2-12
Figure 2-4. Two-node PDC/O5000 with a four-fabric redundant Fibre
Channel Fabric ................................................................................................. 2-14
Figure 2-5. Two-node PDC/O5000 with two redundant Fibre Channel
Fabrics .............................................................................................................. 2-16
Figure 2-6. Maximum distances between PDC/O5000 cluster nodes and
shared storage subsystem components in a redundant Fibre Channel
Fabric................................................................................................................ 2-17
Figure 2-7. Host adapter-to-Fibre Channel SAN Switch I/O data paths ............... 2-18
Figure 2-8. Fibre Channel SAN Switch-to-array controller I/O data paths........... 2-19
Figure 2-9. Dual redundancy configuration for a redundant Fibre Channel
Fabric................................................................................................................ 2-22
Figure 2-10. Quad redundancy configuration for a redundant Fibre Channel
Fabric................................................................................................................ 2-24
Figure 2-11. Two-node PDC/O5000 with a four-loop redundant Fibre
Channel Arbitrated Loop.................................................................................. 2-27
Figure 2-12. Two-node PDC/O5000 with two redundant Fibre Channel
Arbitrated Loops .............................................................................................. 2-29
Figure 2-13. Maximum distances between PDC/O5000 cluster nodes and
shared storage subsystem components in a redundant FC-AL ......................... 2-31
Figure 2-14. Host adapter-to-Storage Hub I/O data paths..................................... 2-32
Figure 2-15. Storage Hub-to-array controller I/O data paths ................................ 2-33
Figure 2-16. Dual redundancy configuration for a redundant FC-AL .................. 2-36
Figure 2-17. Quad redundancy configuration for a redundant FC-AL.................. 2-37
Figure 2-18. Redundant Ethernet cluster interconnect for a two-node
PDC/O5000 cluster .......................................................................................... 2-41
Figure 4-1. Dual redundancy configuration for a redundant Fibre Channel
Fabric.................................................................................................................. 4-8
Figure 4-2. Quad redundancy configuration for a redundant Fibre Channel
Fabric................................................................................................................ 4-10
Figure 4-3. Dual redundancy configuration for a redundant FC-AL .................... 4-12
Figure 4-4. Quad redundancy configuration for a redundant FC-AL.................... 4-14
Figure 4-5 MA8000/EMA12000 Storage Subsystem disk grouping for a
PDC/O5000 cluster .......................................................................................... 4-19
Figure 5-1. Connecting host adapters to Fibre Channel SAN Switches or
Storage Hubs ...................................................................................................... 5-5
Figure 5-2. Redundant Ethernet cluster interconnect for a two-node
PDC/O5000 cluster ............................................................................................ 5-8
Figure 5-3. SCSI bus numbers for I/O modules in the controller enclosure ......... 5-11
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Contents xi
Figure 5-4. UltraSCSI cabling between a controller enclosure and three
disk enslosures ................................................................................................. 5-12
Figure 5-5. UltraSCSI cabling between a controller enclosure and six disk
enclosures......................................................................................................... 5-13
Figure 5-6. Dual redundancy configuration for a redundant Fibre Channel
Fabric ............................................................................................................... 5-15
Figure 5-7. Dual redundancy configuration for a redundant FC-AL .................... 5-16
Figure 5-8. Server power distribution in a three-node cluster............................... 5-57
Figure A-1. Tasks for diagnosing and resolving shared storage problems .............A-2
List of Tables
Table 2-1 High-Availability Components of ProLiant Servers ............................... 2-3
Table 2-2 SCSI bus address ID assignments for the MA8000/EMA12000
Storage Subsystem ............................................................................................. 2-9
Table 2-3 I/O Path Failure and Failover Scenarios for Redundant Fibre
Channel Fabrics ............................................................................................... 2-25
Table 2-4 I/O Path Failure and Failover Scenarios for Redundant FC-ALs .......... 2-38
Table 5-1 Controller Properties ............................................................................. 5-28
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About This Guide
Purpose
This administrator guide provides information about the planning, installation,
configuration, implementation, management, and troubleshooting of the
Compaq Parallel Database Cluster Model PDC/O5000 on Oracle8i software
running on the Microsoft Windows 2000 Advanced Server operating system.
Audience
The expected audience of this guide consists primarily of MIS professionals
whose jobs include designing, installing, configuring, and maintaining
Compaq Parallel Database Clusters.
The audience of this guide must have a working knowledge of Microsoft
Windows 2000 Advanced Server and Oracle databases or have the assistance
of a database administrator.
This guide contains information for network administrators, database
administrators, installation technicians, systems integrators, and other
technical personnel in the enterprise environment for the purpose of cluster
planning, installation, implementation, and maintenance.
IMPORTANT: This guide contains installation, configuration, and maintenance
information that can be valuable for a variety of users. If you are installing the PDC/O5000
but will not be administering the cluster on a daily basis, please make this guide available
to the person or persons who will be responsible for the clustered servers after you have
completed the installation.
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xiv Compaq Parallel Database Cluster Model PDC/O5000 for Oracle8i and Windows 2000 Administrator Guide
Scope
This guide offers significant background information about clusters as well as
basic concepts associated with designing clusters. It also contains detailed
product descriptions and installation steps.
This administrator guide is designed to assist you in the following objectives:
I Understanding basic concepts of clustering technology
I Recognizing and using the high-availability features of the PDC/O5000
I Planning and designing a PDC/O5000 cluster configuration to meet your
business needs
I Installing and configuring PDC/O5000 hardware and software
I Managing the PDC/O5000
I Troubleshooting the PDC/O5000
The following summarizes the contents of this guide:
I Chapter 1, "Clustering Overview," provides an introduction to
clustering technology features and benefits.
I Chapter 2, "Cluster Architecture," describes the hardware components
of the PDC/O5000 and provides detailed I/O path configuration
information.
I Chapter 3, "Cluster Software Components," describes software
components used with the PDC/O5000.
I Chapter 4, "Cluster Planning," outlines an approach to planning and
designing cluster configurations that meet your business needs.
I Chapter 5, "Installation and Configuration," outlines the steps you will
take to install and configure the PDC/O5000 hardware and software.
I Chapter 6, "Cluster Management," includes techniques for managing
and maintaining the PDC/O5000.
I Chapter 7, "Troubleshooting," contains troubleshooting information for
the PDC/O5000.
I Appendix A, "Diagnosing and Resolving Shared Disk Problems,"
describes procedures to diagnose and resolve shared disk problems.
I Glossary contains definitions of terms used in this guide.
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About This Guide xv
Some clustering topics are mentioned, but not detailed, in this guide. For
example, this guide does not describe how to install and configure Oracle8i on
a cluster. For information about these topics, see the referenced and
supplemental documents listed in subsequent sections.
Referenced Manuals
For additional information, refer to documentation related to the specific
hardware and software components of the Compaq Parallel Database Cluster.
These related manuals include, but are not limited to:
I Documentation related to the ProLiant servers you are clustering (for
example, guides, posters, and performance and tuning guides)
I Compaq StorageWorks documentation provided with the
MA8000/EMA12000 Storage Subsystem, HSG80 Array Controller,
Fibre Channel SAN Switches, Storage Hubs, and the KGPSA-BC or
KGPSA-CB Host Adapter
I Microsoft Windows 2000 Advanced Server documentation
G Microsoft Windows 2000 Advanced Server Administrator's Guide
I Oracle8i documentation, including:
G Oracle8i Parallel Server Setup and Configuration Guide
G Oracle8i Parallel Server Concepts
G Oracle8i Parallel Server Administration, Deployment, and
Performance
G Oracle Enterprise Manager Administrator's Guide
G Oracle Enterprise Manager Configuration Guide
G Oracle Enterprise Manager Concepts Guide
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xvi Compaq Parallel Database Cluster Model PDC/O5000 for Oracle8i and Windows 2000 Administrator Guide
Supplemental Documents
The following technical documents contain important supplemental
information for the Compaq Parallel Database Cluster Model PDC/O5000:
I Compaq Parallel Database Cluster Model PDC/O5000 Certification
Matrix for Windows 2000, at
www.compaq.com/solutions/enterprise/ha-pdc.html
I Configuring Compaq RAID Technology for Database Servers, at
www.compaq.com/highavailability
I Various technical white papers on Oracle and cluster sizing, which are
available from Compaq ActiveAnswers website, at
www.compaq.com/activeanswers
Text Conventions
This document uses the following conventions to distinguish elements of text:
Keys Keys appear in boldface. A plus sign (+) between
two keys indicates that they should be pressed
simultaneously.
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Menu Options, These elements appear in initial capital letters, and
Command Names, may be bolded for emphasis.
Dialog Box Names
COMMANDS, These elements appear in uppercase.
DIRECTORY NAMES,
and DRIVE NAMES
Type When you are instructed to type information, type
the information without pressing the Enter key.
Enter When you are instructed to enter information, type
the information and then press the Enter key.
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About This Guide xvii
Symbols in Text
These symbols may be found in the text of this guide. They have the following
meanings:
WARNING: Text set off in this manner indicates that failure to follow directions
in the warning could result in bodily harm or loss of life.
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could result in damage to equipment or loss of information.
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instructions.
NOTE: Text set off in this manner presents commentary, sidelights, or interesting points
of information.
Symbols on Equipment
These icons may be located on equipment in areas where hazardous conditions
may exist.
Any surface or area of the equipment marked with these symbols
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contains no operator serviceable parts.
WARNING: To reduce the risk of injury from electrical shock hazards,
do not open this enclosure.
Any RJ-45 receptacle marked with these symbols indicates a Network
Interface Connection.
WARNING: To reduce the risk of electrical shock, fire, or damage to
the equipment, do not plug telephone or telecommunications
connectors into this receptacle.
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xviii Compaq Parallel Database Cluster Model PDC/O5000 for Oracle8i and Windows 2000 Administrator Guide
Any surface or area of the equipment marked with these symbols
indicates the presence of a hot surface or hot component. If this
surface is contacted, the potential for injury exists.
WARNING: To reduce the risk of injury from a hot component, allow
the surface to cool before touching.
Power Supplies or Systems marked with these symbols
indicate the equipment is supplied by multiple sources of
power.
WARNING: To reduce the risk of injury from electrical shock,
remove all power cords to completely disconnect power from
the system.
Rack Stability
WARNING: To reduce the risk of personal injury or damage to the equipment,
be sure that:
I The leveling jacks are extended to the floor.
I The full weight of the rack rests on the leveling jacks.
I The stabilizing feet are attached to the rack if it is a single rack
installations.
I The racks are coupled together in multiple rack installations.
I Only one component is extended at a time. A rack may become unstable if
more than one component is extended for any reason.
Getting Help
If you have a problem and have exhausted the information in this guide, you
can get further information and other help in the following locations.
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About This Guide xix
Compaq Technical Support
You are entitled to free hardware technical telephone support for your product
for as long you own the product. A technical support specialist will help you
diagnose the problem or guide you to the next step in the warranty process.
In North America, call the Compaq Technical Phone Support Center at
1
1-800-OK-COMPAQ . This service is available 24 hours a day, 7 days a week.
Outside North America, call the nearest Compaq Technical Support Phone
Center. Telephone numbers for world wide Technical Support Centers are
listed on the Compaq website. Access the Compaq website by logging on to
the Internet at
www.compaq.com
Be sure to have the following information available before you call Compaq:
I Technical support registration number (if applicable)
I Product serial number(s)
I Product model name(s) and numbers(s)
I Applicable error messages
I Add-on boards or hardware
I Third-party hardware or software
I Operating system type and revision level
I Detailed, specific questions
Compaq Website
The Compaq website has information on this product as well as the latest
drivers and Flash ROM images. You can access the Compaq website by
logging on to the Internet at
www.compaq.com
1
For continuous quality improvement, calls may be recorded or monitored.
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xx Compaq Parallel Database Cluster Model PDC/O5000 for Oracle8i and Windows 2000 Administrator Guide
Compaq Authorized Reseller
For the name of your nearest Compaq Authorized Reseller:
I In the United States, call 1-800-345-1518.
I In Canada, call 1-800-263-5868.
I Elsewhere, see the Compaq website for locations and telephone
numbers.
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1
Chapter
Clustering Overview
For many years, companies have depended on clustered computer systems to
fulfill two key requirements: to ensure users can access and process
information that is critical to the ongoing operation of their business, and to
increase the performance and throughput of their computer systems at minimal
cost. These requirements are known as availability and scalability,
respectively.
Historically, these requirements have been fulfilled with clustered systems
built on proprietary technology. Over the years, open systems have
progressively and aggressively moved proprietary technologies into
industry-standard products. Clustering is no exception. Its primary features,
availability and scalability, have been moving into client/server products for
the last few years.
The absorption of clustering technologies into open systems products is
creating less expensive, non-proprietary solutions that deliver levels of
function commonly found in traditional clusters. While some uses of the
proprietary solutions will always exist, such as those controlling stock
exchange trading floors and aerospace mission controls, many critical
applications can reach the desired levels of availability and scalability with
non-proprietary client/server-based clustering.
These clustering solutions use industry-standard hardware and software,
thereby providing key clustering features at a lower price than proprietary
clustering systems. Before examining the features and benefits of the Compaq
Parallel Database Cluster Model PDC/O5000 (referred to here as the
PDC/O5000), it is helpful to understand the concepts and terminology of
clustered systems.
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1-2 Compaq Parallel Database Cluster Model PDC/O5000 for Oracle8i and Windows 2000 Administrator Guide
Clusters Defined
A cluster is an integration of software and hardware products that enables a set
of loosely coupled servers and shared storage subsystem components to
present a single system image to clients and to operate as a single system. As a
cluster, the group of servers and shared storage subsystem components offers a
level of availability and scalability far exceeding that obtained if each cluster
node operated as a stand-alone server.
The PDC/O5000 uses the Oracle8i Parallel Server software, which is a parallel
database that can distribute its workload among the cluster nodes. Refer to
Chapter 3, "Cluster Software Components" to determine the specific releases
your cluster kit supports.
Figure 1-1 shows an example of a PDC/O5000 that includes two nodes
(Compaq ProLiantTM servers), two sets of storage subsystems, two Compaq
StorageWorksTM Fibre Channel SAN Switches or Compaq StorageWorks Fibre
Channel Storage Hubs, a redundant cluster interconnect, and a client local area
network (LAN).
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Clustering Overview 1-3
Client LAN
Switch/Hub Cluster Interconnect
Host Adapters (2) Host Adapters (2)
Node 1 Node 2
Fibre Channel SAN
Fibre Channel SAN
Switch/Storage Hub #2
Switch/Storage Hub #1
P1 P2
A
P1 P2
A
P1 P2
P1 P2 B
B
Storage Subsystem #1 Storage Subsystem #2
Figure 1-1. Example of a two-node PDC/O5000 cluster
The PDC/O5000 can support redundant Fibre Channel Fabric Storage Area
Network (SAN) and redundant Fibre Channel Arbitrated Loop (FC-AL) SAN
topologies. In the example shown in Figure 1-1, the clustered nodes are
connected to the database on the shared storage subsystems through a
redundant Fibre Channel Fabric or redundant FC-AL. Clients access the
database through the client LAN, and the cluster nodes communicate across an
Ethernet cluster interconnect.
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1-4 Compaq Parallel Database Cluster Model PDC/O5000 for Oracle8i and Windows 2000 Administrator Guide
Availability
When computer systems experience outages, the amount of time the system is
unavailable is referred to as downtime. Downtime has several primary causes:
hardware faults, software faults, planned service, operator error, and
environmental factors. Minimizing downtime is a primary goal of a cluster.
Simply defined, availability is the measure of how well a computer system can
continuously deliver services to clients.
Availability is a system-wide endeavor. The hardware, operating system, and
applications must be designed for availability. Clustering requires stability in
these components, then couples them in such a way that failure of one item
does not render the system unusable. By using redundant components and
mechanisms that detect and recover from faults, clusters can greatly increase
the availability of applications critical to business operations.
Scalability
Simply defined, scalability is a computer system characteristic that enables
improved performance or throughput when supplementary hardware resources
are added. Scalable systems allow increased throughput by adding components
to an existing system without the expense of adding an entire new system.
In a stand-alone server configuration, scalable systems allow increased
throughput by adding processors or more memory. In a cluster configuration,
this result is usually obtained by adding cluster nodes.
Not only must the hardware benefit from additional components, but also
software must be constructed in such a way as to take advantage of the
additional processing power. Oracle8i Parallel Server distributes the workload
among the cluster nodes. As more nodes are added to the cluster, cluster-aware
applications can use the parallel features of Oracle8i Parallel Server to
distribute workload among more servers, thereby obtaining greater throughput.
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Clustering Overview 1-5
Compaq Parallel Database
Cluster Overview
As traditional clustering technology has moved into the open systems of
client/server computing, Compaq has provided innovative, customer-focused
solutions. The PDC/O5000 moves client/server computing one step closer to
the capabilities found in expensive, proprietary cluster solutions, at a fraction
of the cost.
The PDC/O5000 combines the popular Microsoft Windows 2000 Advanced
Server operating system and the industry-leading Oracle8i Parallel Server with
award-winning Compaq ProLiant servers and shared storage subsystems.
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2
Chapter
Cluster Architecture
The Compaq Parallel Database Cluster Model PDC/O5000 (referred to here as
the PDC/O5000) is an integration of a number of different hardware and
software products. This chapter discusses how these products play a role in
bringing a complete clustering solution to your computing environment.
The hardware products include:
I Compaq ProLiant servers
I Shared storage components
G Compaq StorageWorks Modular Array 8000 Fibre Channel Storage
Subsystems or the Compaq StorageWorks Enterprise Modular Array
12000 Fibre Channel Storage Subsystems (MA8000/EMA12000
Storage Subsystems)
G Compaq StorageWorks HSG80 Array Controllers (HSG80 Array
Controllers)
G Compaq StorageWorks Fibre Channel SAN Switches (Fibre Channel
SAN Switches) for redundant Fibre Channel Fabrics
G Compaq StorageWorks Storage Hubs (Storage Hubs) for redundant
Fibre Channel Arbitrated Loops
G KGPSA-BC PCI-to-Optical Fibre Channel Host Adapters
(KGPSA-BC Host Adapters) or KGPSA-CB PCI-to-Optical Fibre
Channel Host Adapters (KGPSA-CB Host Adapters)
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2-2 Compaq Parallel Database Cluster Model PDC/O5000 for Oracle8i and Windows 2000 Administrator Guide
G Gigabit Interface Converter-Shortwave (GBIC-SW) modules
G Fibre Channel cables
I Cluster interconnect components
G Ethernet NIC adapters
G Ethernet cables
G Ethernet switches/hubs
The software products include:
I Microsoft Windows 2000 Advanced Server with Service Pack 1 or later
I Compaq drivers and utilities
I Oracle8i Enterprise Edition with the Oracle8i Parallel Server Option
For a description of the software products used with the PDC/O5000, refer to
Chapter 3, "Cluster Software Components."
Compaq ProLiant Servers
A primary component of any cluster is the server. Each Compaq Parallel
Database Cluster Model PDC/O5000 consists of cluster nodes in which each
node is a Compaq ProLiant server.
With some exceptions, all nodes in a PDC/O5000 must be identical in model.
In addition, all components common to all nodes in a cluster, such as memory,
number of CPUs, and the interconnect adapters, should be identical and
identically configured.
NOTE: Certain restrictions apply to the server models and server configurations that are
supported by the Compaq Parallel Database Cluster. For a current list of PDC-certified
servers and details on supported configurations, refer to the Compaq Parallel Database
Cluster Model PDC/O5000 Certification Matrix for Windows 2000. This document is
available on the Compaq website at
www.compaq.com/solutions/enterprise/ha-pdc.html
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Cluster Architecture 2-3
High-Availability Features of ProLiant Servers
In addition to the increased application and data availability enabled by
clustering, ProLiant servers include many reliability features that provide a
solid foundation for effective clustered server solutions. The PDC/O5000 is
based on ProLiant servers, most of which offer excellent reliability through
redundant power supplies, redundant cooling fans, and Error Checking and
Correcting (ECC) memory. The high-availability features of ProLiant servers
are a critical foundation of Compaq clustering products. Table 2-1 lists the
high-availability features found in many ProLiant servers.
Table 2-1
High-Availability Components of ProLiant Servers
Hot-pluggable hard drives Redundant power supplies
Digital Linear Tape (DLT) Array (optional) ECC-protected processor-memory bus
Uninterruptible power supplies (optional) Redundant processor power modules
ECC memory PCI Hot Plug slots (in some servers)
Offline backup processor Redundant cooling fans
Shared Storage Components
The PDC/O5000 is based on a cluster architecture known as shared storage
clustering, in which clustered nodes share access to a common set of shared
disk drives. In this discussion, the shared storage includes these components:
I MA8000/EMA12000 Storage Subsystem
I HSG80 Array Controllers
I Fibre Channel SAN Switches for redundant Fibre Channel Fabrics
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